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Communal Violence Communal/Sectarian Violence NNG0002

A violent confrontation erupted between followers of the radical Islamic Maitatsine (Yan Tatsine) sect and the Nigeria Police Force. The riot was sparked after police arrested 16 sect members for preaching without a licence and attempted to search their buildings; the zealots resisted, and the violence spread. The sect members, armed with improvised weapons, attacked police reinforcements, leading to a massive police counter-offensive.

26 Oct 1982 · Bulumkutu, Maiduguri, Borno

Deaths

300

Kidnapped

0

Total casualties

300

Perpetrators

Maitatsine (Yan Tatsine) Islamic sect

Response

The government sent in police reinforcements from surrounding areas. A massive police onslaught that lasted six hours finally quelled the riots. The violence led to the establishment of a Commission of Inquiry by the Borno State Government.

Displacement

Not specified in available sources.

Socioeconomic drivers

The Maitatsine sect, a militant Islamic movement, violently opposed the established Islamic order and the Nigerian state. Most of the sect's followers were unemployed, uneducated youths who felt disenfranchised and saw the state as an oppressor

Trajectory

The 1982 Maiduguri uprising was the second major Maitatsine insurrection following the 1980 Kano riots. It marked a critical phase in the evolution of the movement, demonstrating its ability to reconstitute and strike again in a different city after the death of its leader, Mohammed Marwa. This pattern of radical Islamist violence would foreshadow future groups, including Boko Haram.

Cycle notes

The Bulumkutu riot directly echoed the 1980 Kano riot in almost every respect: the same sect, the same pattern of police action triggering mass violence, the same tactics, and the same inability of the state to contain the initial outbreak. However, the Bulumkutu riot was not a carbon copy. It was smaller in scale than the Kano riot (in which an estimated 4,000–5,000 died) but still claimed hundreds, and possibly thousands, of lives. It also marked the emergence of a new leader, Musa Makaniki, who would go on to lead the 1984 Yola uprising. The riot thus established a tragic cycle: the suppression of one outbreak was followed by a “resurrection” of the sect and a new outbreak elsewhere. This cycle would repeat with frightening regularity in the decades that followed, culminating in the Boko Haram insurgency.

Pattern

Sectarian Violence

Sources